What is afraid? Pronunciation and usage in English

afraid means . Learn how to pronounce and use afraid through vivid examples and easy-to-understand exercises.

Definition & pronunciation of afraid

afraidadjective

/əˈfreɪd/
Definition & pronunciation of afraid

Okay, let's break down how to pronounce "afraid." It's a common stumbling block for English learners! Here's a detailed guide:

1. Phonetic Transcription (for accuracy):

  • /əˈfreɪd/ (This is the International Phonetic Alphabet - IPA. Don't worry if you don't know it, I'll explain it in terms.)

2. Breakdown by Syllable:

  • ə (the first syllable): This is a very short, unstressed "uh" sound – almost like you're breathing out slightly. Think of the "a" in "about." It's often reduced to almost nothing.
  • ˈfreɪ (the second syllable): This is where most of the emphasis is.
    • f: pronounced like the "f" in "fun."
    • r: pronounced as a rhotic "r" – meaning it’s pronounced! (Don’t slur it!)
    • eɪ: This is the “ay” sound, as in "say" or "day."
  • d: pronounced like the "d" in "dog."

3. Putting it Together - A Step-by-Step Guide:

  1. Start with the unstressed "uh" sound: "Uh..."
  2. Add the "f" sound: "Uh-f..."
  3. Say the "r" sound: "Uh-fr..."
  4. Finish with the "ay" sound: "Uh-fray..."
  5. End with the "d" sound: "Uh-frayed" (but the a is silent – it’s just the ‘d’ sound at the end).

4. Tips and Common Mistakes:

  • Don't over-emphasize the "a" in "afraid." It's almost silent.
  • The "r" is important! Don't stumble over it or soften it like in Spanish.
  • Listen to examples: This is crucial. The best way to learn the correct pronunciation is to hear it. Here are some good resources:
    • Google Search: Just search "how to pronounce afraid" on Google. You'll find audio clips and videos.
    • Forvo: (www.forvo.com) This website has pronunciations of words spoken by native speakers from different countries.
    • YouTube: Search for “pronounce afraid”.

5. Practice!

Say the word out loud several times, slowly at first, then speed up. Record yourself and compare it to a native speaker’s pronunciation.

Would you like me to:

  • Give you a very short audio clip of the pronunciation?
  • Compare the pronunciation to the word "affraid" (which is often confused)?

Usage and examples with the word afraid in English

Let's break down how to use the word "afraid" in English. It's a versatile word with a few different meanings and usages. Here's a detailed explanation:

1. Feeling Fear or Anxiety (Most Common)

  • Meaning: This is the most common use. "Afraid" describes a feeling of fear, worry, or unease.
  • Structure: afraid + of + [something/someone]
  • Examples:
    • "I'm afraid of spiders." (I feel fear about spiders.)
    • "She was afraid of the dark." (She felt anxious in the dark.)
    • "He's afraid of failing the exam." (He worries about failing.)
    • "They were afraid of the storm." (They felt worried about the storm.)

2. Expressing Hesitation or Disappointment (Polite Way to Say "Sorry")

  • Meaning: "Afraid" can be used as a polite way to express hesitation or to say you're sorry if you’re inconveniencing someone. It's similar to saying "I'm sorry to bother you" or "I'm afraid."
  • Structure: Afraid + to + [verb] or Afraid + [that] + [clause]
  • Examples:
    • "Afraid to interrupt, but…" (Polite way to start a question or statement.)
    • "Afraid to ask, but is there any more coffee?" (Polite way to inquire.)
    • "Afraid that you're busy, but I wanted to let you know…" (Expressing regret for interrupting.)
    • "Afraid of the traffic, I left early." (Expressing the reason for an action - feeling like your fear influenced your decision)

3. “Afraid” as an Adjective (Less Common – Usually Describing a Person)

  • Meaning: It can rarely be used as an adjective to describe someone who is timid or cautious. This usage is declining and sounds a bit old-fashioned.
  • Example: “He was an afraid child, always hesitant to try new things.” (This is unusual. "Timid" or "shy" are usually better choices.)

Key Points & Tips:

  • "Of" is crucial: When using "afraid" to describe fear, you almost always need the preposition "of." "I’m afraid" alone doesn’t usually make sense.
  • Polite Usage: Using "afraid" as a polite opener is a very common and useful technique in everyday English.
  • Variation: “Scared” is a more common and informal synonym for “afraid.” “Worried” is also a good substitute when describing anxiety.

Here's a table summarizing the uses:

Use Meaning Structure Example
Feeling Fear Experiencing fear, worry Afraid of + [something] I'm afraid of heights.
Polite Hesitation Expressing hesitation/apology Afraid to + [verb] / Afraid that + [clause] Afraid to interrupt...
(Rare) Adjective Timid, cautious Afraid (adjective) He was an afraid child.

To help me give you even more tailored advice, could you tell me:

  • What specifically are you trying to do with the word "afraid"? (e.g., “I want to understand how to use it when talking about fears,” or “I want to know how to politely ask for something.”)

Synonyms for the word afraid

Idioms of the word afraid

I’m afraid
used as a polite way of telling somebody something that is unpleasant or disappointing, or that you are sorry about
  • I can't help you, I'm afraid.
  • I'm afraid we can't come.
  • I'm afraid that it's not finished yet.
  • He's no better, I'm afraid to say.
  • ‘Is there any left?’ ‘I'm afraid not.’
  • ‘Will it hurt?’ ‘I'm afraid so.’

Practice with vocabulary afraid

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

  1. She was _____ to walk home alone at night.
  2. He felt _____ of failing the exam, so he studied harder.
  3. The child was _____ by the loud noise and started crying.
  4. They were _____ that the meeting would run late, so they prepared extra materials.

Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer

  1. Which word best describes feeling scared or worried about something?
    a) afraid
    b) confident
    c) excited

  2. Choose the correct word to complete the sentence:
    "I’m _____ I can’t attend the event tomorrow."
    a) afraid
    b) happy
    c) sure

  3. Which of the following words is a synonym for "fearful"?
    a) anxious
    b) afraid
    c) brave

  4. Select the appropriate word for the sentence:
    "She was _____ to tell her boss the truth."
    a) eager
    b) reluctant
    c) afraid

  5. Which word does NOT fit in the sentence:
    "He was _____ of losing his job, so he worked overtime."
    a) afraid
    b) scared
    c) thrilled

Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences

  1. Original: "She was scared of flying, so she took the train instead."
  2. Original: "He felt nervous about speaking in front of the crowd."
  3. Original: "I’m worried that I’ll miss the deadline."

Answer:

Exercise 1:

  1. afraid
  2. afraid
  3. frightened
  4. concerned

Exercise 2:

  1. a) afraid
  2. a) afraid
  3. b) afraid
  4. c) afraid
  5. c) thrilled

Exercise 3:

  1. Rewritten: "She was afraid of flying, so she took the train instead."
  2. Rewritten: "He was afraid to speak in front of the crowd."
  3. Rewritten: "I’m concerned that I’ll miss the deadline."

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